Reciprocating tool or engine.



No.' 814,597. PATENTED MAR. 6, 1906. C. A. PABSSLER.

RBCIPROOATING TOOL OR ENGINE.

APPLIOATION IILlfDA NOV. 21, 1903.'

` 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 814,597. PATENTED MAR. 6, 1906. C. A. FABSSLER.

RBGIPEOGATING TOOL 0R ENGINE. APPLIOATION FILED Nov. 2.1, 190s.

2 sums-sum n.

L' all zoll/om it may concern,.-

UNITED sTATns PATENT carica'.

*Rv v CHARLES A. FAESSLER, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.A

Be it -known that I, CHARLES A. FAns'sLnn, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented new 'and useful Imp rovements in Reciprocating Tools or Englnes, of which the '-tion.

gines, and tools or hammers which are ollowing is a specifica- This invention relates to reciprocating enmore particularly to pneumatic used for riveting, calking, chip ing, and other purposes and involve a rap1d y-reci rocating hammer or piston which strikes t e riveting or other tool.

' One object of the invention is to produce a machine of this character composed of the minimum number o f parts, whlch are all of strong and simple construct-ion.

v the cylinder, thereby s., shape, affording a tional elevation of Another form the rapidly a mit ted andexhausted to and from ermitting the piston rapldly and deliver blows object of. the invention is to so to reciprocate very of great force;

Another objectl of the invention is to provide a simple and eflicienlt device for securely holding the body from working loose in the head under the influence of the vibrations of the machine when in operation.l

Other ob'ects of the invent-ion will appear from the fo lowing descri tion.

In the accom anying diawings, consisting of two sheets, igure 1 is a longitudinal sec-AV a pneumatlc r1veter` embodying the invention in line 1 1, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation thereof in line 2 2, Fig. 1, showing the piston and automatic valve in another osition. Fig. 3 isa fragmentary longitudina sectional elevation thereof in llne 3 3, Fig. 13. Fig. 4 is an elevation of the cylinder and valve-casing removed froml the barrel and head. Figs. 5', 6, 7, 8, 9, and are transverse sections, partly in plan, in lines 5 5 6 6, 77, 8 8, 9 9, and 10 10, respectively, Fig. 1. Fig; 11 is a transversesection in line 11 l1, Fi 1.

Like letters of reference in the several figures.

The body of the engine consists of a barrel or shell A, which is preferably of an external comfortable easy grip for the hand of the operatorand a cylinder securedin said barrel. The barrel is provided With a longitudinal bore Aor cavity which RECIPROCTING'TOOL OR ENGINE.

arts that the ,motive iiuid will be. f

re er to like parts Patented March 6, 1906.

preferably tapers slightly from itsV upper to 1ts lower end, terminating in an annular shoulder a. The boreof v der a to the end of they barrel is cylindrical. The barrel is provided at its upper end with an internalscrew-thread a2. i B represents the engine-cylinder, the lower portion of which is slightly conical or taperlng and l'its snugly inthe conical bore of the barrel, with its lower' end resting upon. the shoulder a of the barrel. The cyhnd'er, is provided near its upper end with a threaded portion which screws into the internalthread 0,2 ofthe barrel and above said threadedpportion is provided with a part a3, fashioned to receive a wrench or other tool to turn the cylinto the barrel its conical portion is wedged tightly into the conical bore ofthe barrel, ef'l The cylinder can be readily unscrewedland removed from` the barrel whenever this kis necessary for renewing broken or worn parts or for any other reason. B represents the piston or hammer, which reciprocatein the cylinder, and O the riveting-tool or other tool or device, the shank of which fits loosely in the lower tion of the bore of the barrel.

Y D represents a hollow head or hood which is provided with a cylindrical cavity d, the lower end of ,which isv screw-threaded and screwed on the threaded upper end of the cyl` inderB. This h ectlng a Huidtight joint between the parts.'A

ea'd is provided with the han-v Y the barrel from the shoul- .7 lnder. By screwing the cylinder firmly down cylindrical pordle orrgrip d', which is grasped in one hand of the operator in using the machine. The head vis locked o n the cylinder and prevented from working loose or unscrewing in the operation of the machine by the following means: d2, Figs. 1 and 4, representsA a locking block which is movably confined in a socket in the head which'opens into'the cylindrical cavit thereof. The inner face of the locking-block7 is concaved and provided teeth adapted to interlock with the threaded portionof the cylinder. d3 is a wedge block with threads or IDO or key which is arranged to move transverselyV relative to the locking-block in a` hole 'd4 in the head I'and having an inclined face which bears against the outer inclined face of the locking-blockblock is Y threaded stem 5,011 which 1s screwed a nut de, which bears against a flat face onV the The small end` of the. wedge- 'provided with a projecting screw' va ve-casing and whi h head. After the head or hood has been v the upper end o se f,

, any

ywedge-block to Adraw the screwed tightly down on the cylinder, the nut d is turned on the threaded stem of the latter into its hole in the head and force the locking-block in- Wardl against thev threaded portion of the cylin er, thereby holding the latter positively from turning in the head.

F and E represent, respectively, the automatic valve which controls the operation of the piston and the casing for said valve. The valve-casing E is of cylindrical form and is of smaller diameter than that of the cavity in the head in which the casing is located, thus leaving an annular space around the valvecasing. The lower end of the body of the valve-casing is reduced and seated in a deression in the upper end ofthe c linder and is held rom'turning-on the cylin er by a pin e or other device. The upper end of the valve-casing is closed by a removable cap e', which is provided with a cylindrical ortion which extends down into a c lindricalpcavity in the upper end of the va ve-casing body. The ca is held from turning relative to the casingodyby suitable means. (Not shown.) The valv-casiii the cylinder and the end of the cavity in the head.

The automatic valve F, which is solid and of cylindrical form,

is arranged in the valvechamber and reciprocates longitudinally or 1n line with the hammer or piston B. The

valve has a reduced upper end having a slidin iit in a central cavity in the cap of the forms the upper end of the valve-chamber, and its lower enl'reciprocates in the lower end of the valvechamber, which corresponds in size to the lower end of the valve. The valve has a reduced waist forming an annular space around the same in'the valve-chamber and is provided above said waist with an annular enlar ement f which works in the correspond- Ain y enlar ed intermediate portion of the va ve-cham er.

-gf represent two transverse passages in the head, the former of which is connected in suitable manner with the flexible supply pi e or hose (not shown) for the 'motive fluid, w 'le the latter leads to the cavity in the head which contains the automatic valvecasing. The passages gg are ada ted to be placed in communication by a han -operated throttle-valve H. The latter is preferably of cylindrical form and is arranged to move longitudinally in a chamber formed in the head and in a cylindrical bushing h, which is screwed into a hole in the head. The throttlevalve is pressed upwardly by a spring h', which surrounds the inner end of the throttle between the end of the bushing and a shoulder on the throttle-valve. The latter is is clamped tightly between' provided at its outer end with a head or button h2, which is located in a convenient posltion to be pressed inwardly by the thumb of the hand grasping the handle. l The throttlevalve is reduced mdiameter adjacent to the supply-passages g g and is normally held by its spring, so that its body covers and closes the end of one ofthe supply-passa es, thereby reventing the admission of t e motive Huid) to the engine. When the throttle-valve is depressed or pushed inwardly, its reduced portion is brought opposite to and connects the assages g g. v

T e top of thel casing of the automatic valve is recessed centrally at Z, Figs. 1, 3, and 6, forming a distributing-chamber between the valve-casing and head which communicates with the supply-passage g, and the top of the casing is rovided with two longitudinal holes l', which connect said `distributing-chamber with correspondinglyarranged longitudinal fluid-passages Z2, gs. '2, 7, 10, in the valve-casing leadin to the lower end of the valve-chamber. T e valve casing and cap are provided with a plurality (preferably four) of similarly-arranged pasl sages Z3, Figs. 6 and 7 ,which also 'connect the recessof the cap with the bottom of the valvechamber. The two passages Z2 also communicate near their upper ends by lateral assages "1, Figs. 2 and 7, in the casing an its cap with the upper reduced portion of the valve- -chamber which is formed in the cap. The valve-casing is also provided with longitudinal fluid-passages M M5, Figs. 1, 7 10. The passage M yconnects at its upper end with the upper lcontracted portion of the valvechamber by a lateral passage m in the cap and with the enlarged intermediate portion of the valve-chamber by a port m', which is controlled by the annular enlargement j" of thevalve. The passage M connects at its up er end, respectively, by ports fmz m3 in the va ve-casing cap with the extreme upper end of the valve-chamber and the enlarged portion of the valve-chamber above the valve enlargement f. The lower ends of the'passages M M register with the upper ends of longitudinal passages N N', respectively, leading to the engine-cylinder. The upper portions of these enlarged upper en of the cylinder, while the greater part of their length is formed by grooves or channels in the external face of the cylinder. (See Figs. 1 and 4.) The lower end of the passage Nzconnects by a port n' with the lower end of the cylinder, and the lower end of the other passage N connects by two orts n 'n2 with the intermediate portion oit e cylinder. The valve-casing isjalso provided with a plurality of' passages O, Figs. 3 and 10, connecting at their upper ends with IOC assages pass through the at their lower ends tudinal passages p the cylinder and communicating with the in- .terior thereof below its top by an annular groove p2. (See Fig. 3.)

Q, Figs. 3 and 9, represents exhaust-ports extending radially through the valve-casing and connecting the contracted lower portion ofthe valve-chamber with the annular space between the valve-casing and tool-head, and gindicates exhaust-ports in the tool-head connecting the annular space between the samejand the valve-casing with'the atmosphere.

The cylinder is provided externally with rooves R, Figs. 2, 4, and 11, forming exaust-passages which connect at their up er ends with the interior of the cylinder be ow the port n2 and at their lower ends with exhzust-ports r, extending through the tool-barre The operation of the engine is as follows:

Itbeing assumed that the piston and valve are 1n their lower position, as indicatedv in Fig. 2, when the riveting-tool or other tool is pressed against the workthe piston is liftedso that its lower end is opposite to the port n at the bottom of the cylinder, and when opened the motive fluid enters through the supply-passages g g in the toolhead, passingto the recess or cavity in the top of the cap ofthe valve-casing and into the contracted upper portion of the valve-chamber above the valve through the passages Z2 Z4 and thence through the longitudinal passages M and' N in the valve-casing and cylinder and port n into the lower end of the c linder beneath the piston The piston is thus raised, the motive fluid above the piston being forced out through the passages p and O, Fig. 3, in the upper portion of the cylinder and valvecasing into the annular groove O, thence entering the annular space around the contracted waist of the valve and Aescaping through the exhaust-ports Q in the valve-casing, annular space surroundmg the valve-casing, and into the atmosphere through the exhaust-ports g in the head of the tool. 'The motive fluid also enters the enlarged portion 5 ofthe valve-chamber above the annular enlargement f of the valve through the ports i m2. m3 in the cap of the valve-casing, the pressus - the. passage N sure on the upper end of the valve and its annular enlargement predominating over the ffiprssure on the lower end of the valve and ding the latter down. When the piston in its upward movement uncovers the exhaust-ports R, the pressure beneath the piston isrelieved, and when the piston in its continued'upward movement uncovers the port n2 of the passage N', Fig. 1, the pressure l,on the annular enlargementl of the valve isv relieved, as the air can escape down through into the cylinder and out f through the exhaust-ports R. The pressure in the bottom of the valve-chamber beneath the valve, to which the motive fluid is admitted through the passages Z2 and Z3, then lifts the valve. The motive fluid, which then has free access to the lower lcontracted portion of the valve-chamber through said assages Z2 Z3, as just explained, passes throug the annular groove p, Fig. 3, and downv through the passa es O and p into the upper portion of the cy inder above the piston, which is thus forced downwardly to deliver its impact on the riveting or other tool. During the first portion of the downward movement of the piston .the motive fluid beneath the same escapes freely to the atmosphere through the exhaust passages and ports R and 1', and a portion of the fluid also escapes' through the port n, passages N and M, and ort m into the enlarged portion of the va ve-chamber around the contracted waist of the valve, passing out through the exhaust-passages and portsq in the'valve-casing and head o the tool. When the piston in its downward movement uncovers the with the passage N the motive fluid passes up through said port, passage M', and ports m2 m3 in the cap of the valve-casing into the u per end and enlarged portion of the valvecliiamber above the annular enlargement of the valve to again lower the valve. The motive fluid then again passes down through the passage N and port ninto the lower end of the cylinder beneath the piston to raise the latter, as before ex lained. ing is provided with a relatively large number of ports or passages O, which admit the fluid to the cylinder labpve the piston, the latter is moved downwardly with speed. The operation of the engine is therefore very rapid and eHicient. As the inletports to the upper end of the cylinder communicate with the latter some little distance below the top of the piston-chamber,an aircushion is formed in the upper end of the cylinder, which relieves the shock hand of the operator in the use ofthe tool.

The terms upper and lower, top and bottom, e., have been used in this specification to simplify the description. It will, however, be understood that the tool is portable and used in different positions and that such terms are merely relative to indicate the opposite ends or portions of the tool,

claim as my invention` 1. The combination of abarrel provided with a cylinder-cavity, a removable cylinder located in said cavity and having an interlocking detachable engagement with said' bar-Y rel and having a portion which projects out of one end of the barrel and is shaped for the engagement of a tool for detaching the cylinder from the barrel, said cylinder having external grooves which together with said port n', connectingI or jar on the` As the valve-.cas-

IOO

IIO

i casing located in said barrel form fluid-passages, a piston in said cylinder, a hollow head detachably secured to the projecting yportion of the cylinder, and a valve inclosed in said hollow head, substantially as set forth.

2.` The combination of a barrel, a cylinder removably screwed into said barrel and provided with grooves which with the barrel form fluid-passages, said cylinder having a .portion which projects out of one end of the barrel and is provided with screw-threaded end and with a part shaped for the engagement of a tool for turning the cylinder, a valve-casing seated on the end of said cylinder, a valve in the valve-casing, a hollow head surrounding said valve casing and screwed on the projecting threaded end of said cylinder, said valve-casing being held in place by said hollow head, and a piston in the cylinder, substantially as set forth.

3. ,The combination of a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a hollow head provided with a supply-passage for the motive fluid, avalvehead at the end of said cylinder and forming a distributing-chamber between the end of the valve-casing and the adjacent end of the head, which distributingchamber communicates with said supplypassage in the head, a longitudinally-disposed valve-chamber in said valve-casing'having an annular enlargement, a solid valve movable longitudinally in said valve-chamber and having an enlarged portion located in the enlargement of said valve chamber, said valvecasing having longitudinal passages connecting said distributing chamber with opposite ends of said valve-chamber, additional longitudinal passages connecting said distributingchamber with one end of the valve-chamber, and avplurality of longitudinal passages connecting said last-mentioned end of the valve-chamber with the adjacent end of thecylinder, said valve-casing and cylinderhaving passages controlled by said valve for admitting and exhaustin I motive fluidA to and from opposite ends of the cylinder, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of a cylinder, a piston4 therein, a head, a valve-,casing located in said head at one end of said cylinder and provided with a valve-chamber disposed longitudinally relative to said cylinder and having reduced opposite end portions and an enlarged intermediate portion, a solid valve movable longitudinally in said valve-chamber and having reduced opposite end portions working in the en d portions of said valve-chamber and an annular enlargement Working inthe enlarged inter-mediate portion of said valvechamber, fluid-passages in said valve-casing connecting with the opposite end and intermediate portions of said valve-chamber, passaves connecting the adjacent ends of said valve-chamber and cylinder, a passage con- .trolling the operation necting the far ends of said cylinder and valve-chamber, a port connectingA said passage with` the enlarged portion of said valvechamber, a passage connecting the intermediate portion ofsaid cylinder with the far end of the valve-chamber and withl the enlarged portion of the valve-chamber beyond the annular enlargement of said valve, exhaust-passages in said cylinder, and exhaustpassages leading from said valve-chamber, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder', a hollow head provided with a supply-passage for the motive fluid, a valvecasing located in said hollow head and provided in one end with a recess forming a distributing-chamber communicating with said supply-passage in said head, a valve-chamber disposed longitudinally in said valve-casing and having an enlarged intermediate portion, a solid valve having an annular enlarge- ^meni movable longitudinally in said valvechamber for controlling the admission and exhaust of the motive fluid to and from said cylinder, said valve-casing having passages connecting said distributing-chamber in its end with the opposite ends of said valvechamber, and passages connecting the opposite ends and 'ntermediate portion of the valve-chamber with the opposite ends and intermediate portion of said cylinder, and exhaust passages leading from said cylinder and valve-chamber, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a hollow head provided with a suppl -passagefor the motive fluid, avalvecasing ocated in Said hollow head and provided in one end with a recess communicating with said supply-passage, a longitudinallydisposed .valve-chamber in said valve-casing having'diiferent diameters, a solid valve having parts of different diameters movable longitudinally in said valve-chamber and conof the engine, and lonsaid valve-casing con,- necting said recess in the end of the valvecasing with opposite ends of said valve-chamber, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of a hollow head, a' body having a screw-threaded engagement with said hollow head, a locking-block confined in a recess in one of the said parts and movable toward the threaded portion of said other part, and a wedge for forcing said lockgitudinal passages in ing-block against said threaded portion, substantially as set forth. v

8. The combination of ahead having a cavity provided with an internal screwthread, a threaded bodyscrewed into said cavity, a locking-block confined in a recess in said head, and a wedge for forcing said locking-block against said threaded body, substantially as set forth.;

9. The combination.of a head Ahaving a .y said locking-block and having a screw-t stem, and a nut screwed 5 gage said threaded bodyl a wedgevconned 1n a recess in said head, and g a ainst ead on said stemA and beanng against said head to move said wedge endwise to force said locking-#block a inst ro said threaded body, substantiallyas set Orth. b Witness my hand this 14th day of Novem- CHARLES A. FAESSLER.

Witnesses:

Cms. W. PARKER, JNO. J. BONNERL 

